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The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the lymphocryptovirus genus of the herpesvirus family, with a DNA genome. EBV has the biological characteristic of specifically infecting humans and certain primates' B cells both in vivo and in vitro. Humans are the hosts for EBV infection, which is primarily transmitted through saliva. Asymptomatic infections often occur in toddlers; over 90% of children aged 3-5 years have been infected with EBV, and over 90% of adults possess antibodies against the virus.
EBV is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis. Additionally, EBV has a strong association with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and childhood lymphoma, ranking it among the possible carcinogenic human oncogenic viruses. The antibodies against EBV that are currently tested mainly target the virus's capsid antigen (CA), early antigen (EA), and nuclear antigen (EBNA).
EBV and Diseases
Infectious Mononucleosis Infectious mononucleosis is an acute lymphoproliferative disease, commonly manifested in adolescents after their first EBV infection. Clinical symptoms include fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenitis, splenomegaly, liver function abnormalities, and a significant increase in monocytes and atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood. After the acute phase, low-grade fever and fatigue can persist for up to six months. The prognosis is generally good in healthy individuals, but those with immune deficiencies can face fatal outcomes.
African Childhood Malignant Lymphoma Also known as Burkitt's lymphoma (Burkitt lymphoma), it predominantly affects children aged 5-12 years and is prevalent in equatorial regions like Central Africa, showing local epidemic characteristics. Common sites of manifestation are the facial and palatal areas. Children diagnosed with this disease have often experienced severe EBV infection prior, and biopsy tissues from Burkitt's lymphoma can detect the presence of EBV DNA and nuclear antigen.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common epithelial malignant tumor closely associated with EBV. It primarily affects individuals over 40 years old. Southern China (including regions like Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, etc.) and Southeast Asia are high-incidence areas for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Biopsy tissues from nasopharyngeal carcinoma can detect EBV DNA and nuclear antigen. Additionally, serum from affected patients often contains high titers of EBV-specific VCA-IgA or EA-IgA antibodies.
It is a virus that can potentially lead to cancer.
EBV病毒（Epstein-Barr virus，EBV）是疱疹病毒科嗜淋巴细胞病毒属的成员，基因组为DNA。EB病毒具有在体内外专一性地感染人类及某些灵长类B细胞的生物学特性。人是EB病毒感染的宿主，主要通过唾液传播。无症状感染多发生在幼儿，3～5岁幼儿90%以上曾感染EB病毒，90%以上的成人都有病毒抗体。
EB病毒是传染性单核细胞增多症的病原体，此外EB病毒与鼻咽癌、儿童淋巴瘤的发生有密切相关性，被列为可能致癌的人类肿瘤病毒之一。目前所测EB病毒抗体，主要有针对病毒的衣壳抗原（CA）、早期抗原（EA）和核抗原（EBNA）。
1.传染性单核细胞增多症
传染性单核细胞增多症是一种急性淋巴组织增生性疾病，多见于青春期初次感染EBV后发病，其临床表现为发热、咽炎、淋巴结炎、脾大、肝功能异常、外周血中单核细胞和异型淋巴细胞大量增多。急性期后，低热、疲劳可持续6个月之久，正常人预后良好，免疫缺陷患者可出现死亡。
2.非洲儿童恶性淋巴瘤
非洲儿童恶性淋巴瘤，又称伯基特淋巴瘤（Burkittlymphoma）。多见于5～12岁儿童，发生在中非等温热带地区，呈地方性流行。好发部位为颜面、腭部。儿童在发病前已受到EB病毒重度感染，在伯基特淋巴瘤的活检组织中可检出EB病毒的DNA及核抗原。
3.鼻咽癌
鼻咽癌是与EBV密切相关的一种常见上皮细胞恶性肿瘤。多发生于40岁以上中老年人，我国南方（广东、广西、福建等）及东南亚是鼻咽癌高发区。鼻咽癌的活检组织可检出EB病毒的DNA及核抗原；其血清中亦含有较高滴度的EB病毒特异的VCA-IgA或EAIgA抗体。
它是一种可能导致癌症的病毒。
EB病毒（Epstein-Barr virus，EBV）是疱疹病毒科嗜淋巴细胞病毒属的成员，基因组为DNA。EB病毒具有在体内外专一性地感染人类及某些灵长类B细胞的生物学特性。人是EB病毒感染的宿主，主要通过唾液传播。无症状感染多发生在幼儿，3～5岁幼儿90%以上曾感染EB病毒，90%以上的成人都有病毒抗体。 EB病毒是传染性单核细胞增多症的病原体，此外EB病毒与鼻咽癌、儿童淋巴瘤的发生有密切相关性，被列为可能致癌的人类肿瘤病毒之一。目前所测EB病毒抗体，主要有针对病毒的衣壳抗原（CA）、早期抗原（EA）和核抗原（EBNA）。